The most commonly used semiconductor materials are silicon (Si) and germanium (Ge). These materials have electrical properties that are intermediate between conductors and insulators.

The term "electronic device" refers to a device that controls the flow of electrical current. These devices can be broadly classified into two categories: (1) passive devices and (2) active devices.

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A diode is a two-terminal device that allows current to flow in one direction but blocks it in the other direction.