Fizjologia Roslin Zadania Maturalne May 2026

Transpiration rate depends on the water vapor concentration gradient between leaf air spaces and outside air. Lower humidity (40% RH) → steeper gradient → faster water loss. Higher humidity (80% RH) → gradient reduced → slower transpiration. Stomata may also partially close under high humidity, but the main driver is gradient. Task 4. (1 pt) Which mechanism is primarily responsible for water movement upward in tall trees during the day? A) Root pressure B) Capillary action C) Transpiration pull D) Osmosis in xylem

Apical dominance is the suppression of lateral (axillary) bud growth by the apical bud. The main hormone is auxin (IAA) synthesized in the apical meristem. Auxin is transported downward and inhibits lateral bud growth indirectly (via strigolactone and cytokinin antagonism). Removing the apical bud → auxin source removed → cytokinin from roots promotes lateral bud outgrowth → branching. Task 7. (1 pt) Which hormone is used to accelerate fruit ripening in stored tomatoes? A) Gibberellin B) Ethylene C) Abscisic acid D) Brassinosteroid

C) Transpiration pull (cohesion-tension theory). 3. Mineral Nutrition and Transport Task 5. (2 pts) Match the deficiency symptom to the missing macronutrient: Fizjologia Roslin Zadania Maturalne

Here’s a structured set of with answer keys and explanations, designed to mimic the official exam format (e.g., CKE, extended/IB-style). You can use these for practice or as a teaching resource. 1. Photosynthesis – Light and Dark Phase Task 1. (2 pts) A plant was placed in an atmosphere containing ( \textC^18\textO_2 ) (radioactive oxygen in carbon dioxide). After a short time, radioactive oxygen appeared in the released ( \textO_2 ). Explain this observation. Provide the name of the process and the specific reaction stage.

| Symptom | Nutrient | |---------|----------| | 1. Chlorosis of older leaves, stunted growth | A) Potassium (K) | | 2. Purple/reddish discoloration of leaves, poor root growth | B) Nitrogen (N) | | 3. Death of growing tips, blossom end rot in fruits | C) Phosphorus (P) | | 4. Scorched leaf margins, weak stems | D) Calcium (Ca) | Transpiration rate depends on the water vapor concentration

1 – B (N – mobile, moves to young leaves → older show chlorosis) 2 – C (P – mobile, anthocyanin accumulation) 3 – D (Ca – immobile, deficiency affects meristems) 4 – A (K – mobile, affects osmoregulation and stomata) 4. Growth and Development – Phytohormones Task 6. (3 pts) Describe the mechanism of apical dominance and explain how removing the apical bud affects lateral bud growth. Name the key hormone involved.

a) Name the process producing oxygen bubbles. b) Provide a control for this experiment. c) Predict what would happen if she added a herbicide inhibiting photosystem II to Beaker B. d) What gas would be released in Beaker A if she left it for 24 hours? Stomata may also partially close under high humidity,

Germinating seeds undergo intensive cellular respiration (aerobic) to produce ATP for growth. Not all energy from respiration is captured in ATP; some is released as heat (inefficiency of energy conversion). Dry seeds have very low metabolic activity and negligible respiration. Would you like these as a printable PDF worksheet or a self-check quiz with automatic scoring ?